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Jump to Key Points DAKAR/NAIROBI, Oct 23 (Reuters) - Health officials across Africa are racing to determine how Nigeria's first Ebola patient in more than a decade became infected, amid fears the outbreak could spread further after reaching a fourth African country.
The Swiss government said on Friday the patient in Nigeria, the Ugandan-born wife of a Swiss diplomat based in Abuja, had not travelled to the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the outbreak was first detected in mid-May before spreading to Uganda, Kenya and now Nigeria.
The Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs said the woman was believed to have contracted Ebola while travelling with her husband in Uganda, which the World Health Organization declared Ebola-free in August.
The outbreak has now been reported in four countries across eastern, central and western Africa, giving it the widest geographic spread of any Ebola outbreak on the continent to date.
- Nigeria's first Ebola case >10 years; source still under investigation.
- Possible exposure in Uganda; travel history remains unconfirmed by WHO.
- Outbreak now spans 4 African countries; widest continental spread to date.
- Transmission requires direct contact with infected fluids/contaminated objects.
- Rare Ebola species has no approved treatment or vaccine.
The possibility that the Nigerian patient became infected in Uganda, where officials say she spent a two-week holiday before returning to Abuja, has fuelled concerns about undetected transmission in a country where the outbreak had appeared to be under control.
Ugandan authorities have said the woman had been in eastern Congo before transiting through Uganda, but both the WHO and Africa's top health body say that information has yet to be confirmed.
The WHO said investigations were continuing to establish the source of the infection. Nigerian authorities tested the woman for Ebola 13 days after she fell ill in Abuja.
NIGERIA AND KENYA CASES LEFT UGANDA ON SAME DAY
One theory under investigation is that the Nigerian patient may have contracted the virus from Kenya's first confirmed Ebola patient, who also flew from Uganda's Entebbe airport on the same day in early October.
The Kenyan patient died two days later in a Nairobi hospital.
Experts have cautioned against drawing firm conclusions, saying that Ebola is spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects.
"I think that is very speculative unless there is evidence of sharing the same space in a manner that could explain that," said Marion Koopmans, a Dutch virologist and member of the WHO's Ebola emergency committee.
"Random presence at the same location, a large airport, is not a supported epidemiological link by any standard of what we currently know."
The WHO's Kenya representative, Neema Rusibamayila Kimambo, said it could be coincidental that the two patients left Entebbe airport on October 3.
"Among the contacts that we even have here in country, even all those who are on the plane with this (Kenyan) patient and all airport staff, we have not had any infections in that group," said Kimambo.
UGANDA HAS NOT REPORTED EBOLA CASES SINCE JUNE
Uganda reported 20 Ebola cases in May and June, most of them imported from Congo, but has not detected a case since June.
Ugandan government spokesperson Alan Kasujja told Reuters on Thursday that Uganda had no Ebola cases and would make any such information public. He could not be reached for comment on Friday.
Ebola has infected nearly 10,000 people and killed more than 4,600 in Congo. The disease can cause fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and, in severe cases, internal and external bleeding. Only people with symptoms can transmit the virus.
The rare Ebola species behind the current outbreak has no approved treatment or vaccine.
(Reporting by Robbie Corey-Boulet and Ammu Kannampilly.Additional reporting by Olivia Le Poidevin in Geneva, Jennifer Rigby in London and Ayen Deng Bior in Dakar.Writing by Ayen Deng Bior and Alexander Winning. Editing by Xevi Fontdegloria and Mark Potter)
